Hydraulics and pneumatics

46 CFR §28.405

§ 28.405 § 28.405 Hydraulic equipment. (a) Each hydraulic system must be so designed and installed that proper operation of the system is not affected by back pressure in the system. (b) Piping and piping components must be designed with a burst pressure of not less than four times the system maximum operating pressure. (c) Each hydraulic system must be equipped with at least one pressure relieving device set to relieve at the system's maximum operating pressure. (d) All material in a hydraulic system must be suitable for use with the hydraulic fluid used and must be of such chemical and physical properties as to remain ductile at the lowest operating temperature likely to be encountered by the vessel. (e) Except for hydraulic steering equipment, controls for hydraulic equipment must …

46 CFR §28.880

§ 28.880 § 28.880 Hydraulic equipment. (a) Each hydraulic system must be so designed and installed that proper operation of the system is not affected by back pressure in the system. (b) Piping and piping components must be designed with a burst pressure of not less than four times the system's maximum operating pressure. (c) Each hydraulic system must be equipped with at least one pressure relieving device set to relieve at the system's maximum operating pressure. (d) All material in a hydraulic system must be suitable for use with the hydraulic fluid used and must be of such chemical and physical properties as to remain ductile at the lowest operating temperature likely to be encountered by the vessel. (e) Except for hydraulic steering equipment, controls for operating hydraulic equ…

46 CFR §58.30-20

§ 58.30-20 -20 Fluid power hose and fittings. (a) The requirements of this section are applicable to those hydraulic and pneumatic systems listed in § 58.30-1. (b) Hose and fittings must meet the requirements of subpart 56.60 of this subchapter. (c) Hose assemblies may be installed between two points of relative motion but must not be subjected to torsional deflection (twisting) under any conditions of operation and must be limited, in general, to reasonable lengths required for flexibility. Special consideration may be given to the use of longer lengths of flexible hose where required for proper operation of machinery and components in the hydraulic system. (d) Sharp bends in hoses must be avoided.

46 CFR §58.30-5

§ 58.30-5 -5 Design requirements. (a) The requirements of part 56 of this subchapter are also applicable to piping and fittings in fluid power and control systems listed in § 58.30-1, except as modified herein. The designer should consider the additional pressure due to hydraulic shock. (b) The system must be so designed that proper functioning of any unit must not be affected by the back pressure in the system. The design must be such that malfunctioning of any unit in the system will not render any other connected or emergency system inoperative because of back pressure. (c) Pneumatic systems with a maximum allowable working pressure in excess of 150 psi must be designed with a surge tank or other acceptable means of pulsation dampening. (d) Each pneumatic system must minimize the en…

46 CFR §58.30-50

§ 58.30-50 -50 Requirements for miscellaneous fluid power and control systems. (a) All fluid power and control systems installed on a vessel, except those listed in § 58.30-1(a), must meet the following requirements: (1) Diagrams of the system providing the information required by § 58.30-40(a)(1) through (4) must be submitted. These are not approved but are needed for records and for evaluation of the system in accordance with § 58.30-1(a)(14). (2) The hydraulic fluid used in the system must comply with § 58.30-10. (3) The installed system must be tested in accordance with § 58.30-35(c)(2). (4) All pneumatic cylinders must comply with § 58.30-30. (5) Additional plans may be required for “fail-safe” equipment and for cargo hatch systems with alternate means of operation. (b) [Reserv…

NAVEDTRA 14075 §7-1

NAVEDTRA 14075 §7-1 — Compressed-air systems and air compressors Compressed air is a vital shipboard utility used to start large diesels, to operate pneumatic controls and automation, to run air tools, to sound the ship's whistle, and to blow through and clear lines. It is produced by air compressors that take in atmospheric air and raise it to the pressure required — high pressure (several hundred psi) for diesel starting air, lower pressures for control and service air. Most are positive-displacement reciprocating compressors: a piston draws air in through a suction valve and forces it out through a discharge valve into a receiver. High-pressure air is compressed in two or more stages because compressing to high pressure in one step generates excessive heat; an intercooler between stage…