USCG Exam PracticePlotting with variation and deviation (T-V-M-D-C)
According to Bowditch, navigational errors arise from several sources. Which of the following is listed as a source of navigational error?
- A. Failure to maintain a proper lookout
- ✓ Instrument error, observation error, plotting error, and computation errorCorrect
- C. Improper use of the deviation card and failure to update charts
- D. Excessive speed in restricted visibility
Why B is correct
Bowditch Ch. 23 §2301 states that navigational errors arise from instrument error, observation error, plotting error, computation error, and the basic assumption that the vessel has held the planned course. The other options, while operationally relevant, are not the categories listed in that source.
Cited:Bowditch Ch. 23 §2301