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COLREGs · Rule 10 · 33 CFR §83.10

Traffic Separation Schemes

Conduct in IMO-adopted traffic separation schemes: proceed in the established direction of flow, keep clear of the separation zone or line, join or leave a lane at as small an angle as practicable.

What does Rule 10 actually say?#

Source

Verbatim 33 CFR §83.10, public domain. The international COLREGs text is published by the IMO and cannot be reproduced here; this U.S. wording tracks it closely.
This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other Rule in subchapter E.
A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:
Proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane;
So far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone;
Normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but when joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.
A vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow. (d)(i) A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However, vessels of less than 20 meters in length, sailing vessels, and vessels engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic zone.
Notwithstanding paragraph (d)(i) of this Rule, a vessel may use an inshore traffic zone when en route to or from a port, offshore installation or structure, pilot station, or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone, or to avoid immediate danger.
A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except:
In cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger;
To engage in fishing within a separation zone.
A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution.
A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations.
A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable.
A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane.
A vessel of less than 20 meters in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane.
A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver when engaged in an operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.
A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver when engaged in an operation for the laying, servicing, or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffic separation scheme, is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.

Practice this rule#

One real exam question on this rule, cited to source. No sign-up.

Rule 10 — Traffic Separation Schemes

Under Inland Rule 10, compliance with the Rule's requirements does NOT relieve a vessel of her obligations under which other authority?

How does Inland Rule 10 differ from COLREGs?#

Inland Rule 10 is structurally different — titled 'Vessel Traffic Services' (33 CFR §83.10), it requires compliance with a USCG-regulated VTS rather than an IMO-adopted TSS. The text addresses lane discipline within VTS-monitored waters.

21 of 38 rules differ somewhere; the five the exam leans on are Rule 9, Rule 10, Rule 24, Rule 28 and Rule 34, side by side on Inland vs International Rules.

Why it shows up on the exam#

Rule 10 governs conduct in a traffic separation scheme; it does not create right of way. The exam tests the geometry — join and leave at a small angle, cross at right angles — and the fact that Inland Rule 10 is a completely different rule about Vessel Traffic Services.

What does the exam actually test here?#

  1. Using a lane

    With the flow, clear of the zone

    Proceed in the appropriate lane in the general direction of traffic flow, keep clear of a separation line or zone so far as practicable, and normally join or leave at the termination of the lane — or, from either side, at as small an angle to the flow as practicable.

  2. Crossing

    As near right angles as practicable

    Avoid crossing traffic lanes so far as practicable, but where obliged to cross, do so on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow. Note it is the heading, not the track, that the rule specifies.

  3. Not impeding

    Fishing, under 20 m, sail

    A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane, and a vessel under 20 metres or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a lane.

Rule 10 — common exam questions#

How should you cross a traffic separation scheme?

Avoid crossing if practicable; where you must cross, do so on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow (33 CFR §83.10(c)).

Who may use an inshore traffic zone?

A vessel should not use one when she can safely use the adjacent traffic lane, but vessels of less than 20 metres, sailing vessels, and vessels engaged in fishing may use it. Any vessel may use it en route to or from a port, offshore installation, pilot station, or other place within the zone, or to avoid immediate danger (33 CFR §83.10(d)).

Does Rule 10 give a vessel in a lane right of way?

No. Rule 10(a) says it does not relieve any vessel of her obligations under any other rule. What it does is forbid fishing vessels, vessels under 20 metres, and sailing vessels from impeding a vessel following a lane.

What is Inland Rule 10?

On inland waters Rule 10 is Vessel Traffic Services, not traffic separation schemes — the numbering matches but the subject does not. That is one of the handful of places where the two rule sets genuinely diverge.

Authoritative source#

  • 33 CFR §83.10 — this section with its neighbours. 33 CFR Part 83 is public domain; checked 2026-05-16.
  • COLREGs Rule 10 is published by the IMO and is authoritative internationally.

Practise this rule against the real exam.

Real exam questions. No signup, no card.

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