A vessel's compass reads 085°. The deviation card shows 3°W for that heading, and the chart rose shows variation of 7°E. What is the true course?

Why C is correct

Using T-V-M-D-C and correcting toward true (add east, subtract west): Compass 085° + 3°W deviation subtracted = wait — correcting adds east and subtracts west. Deviation is 3°W so subtract: 085° − (−3°) means add the westerly back? Apply carefully: Compass 085°, deviation 3°W → Magnetic = 085° − 3° = 082°; variation 7°E → True = 082° + 7° = 089°. Correcting from compass to true: add easterly errors, subtract westerly errors at each step.